How evaluate double sente moves ?

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Gérard TAILLE
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Re: How evaluate double sente moves ?

Post by Gérard TAILLE »

Bill Spight wrote:
To do so, you subtract G2 from G1. I. e., you consider the sum,

H = {{22|-6},-3|-7} + {7|3}

If White (Right) plays first, White cannot win. That is, if White plays to -7 in the game on the left, Black (Left) replies to 7 in the other game, for jigo (0). If White plays to 3 in the game on the right, Black replies to -3 in the other game, also for jigo.

If Black plays first she wins. She plays to {22|-6} + {7|3}. White's best play is to -6 on the left, after that Black plays to 7 in the other game, for a score of 7 - 6 = 1.

Therefore G1 > G2.

This question is answered with a difference game, not with thermography.
That is exactly what I tried to explained in my previous posts.
Though G1 > G2 the thermography claims meanValue(G1) = meanValue(G2).
When you look at the theory as a whole (CGT theorems, thermography, difference game etc) this result might appear as a contradiction. I just say it is a pity result that may logically cause some skepticism for the non mathematician go players who see in other cases a very acurate calculation of mean values and I fear it is difficult to convinced a non mathematician that it is not necessarily a contradiction (I know the assumptions behind thermography and difference game are quite different OC)
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Re: How evaluate double sente moves ?

Post by Bill Spight »

Gérard TAILLE wrote:
Bill Spight wrote:
To do so, you subtract G2 from G1. I. e., you consider the sum,

H = {{22|-6},-3|-7} + {7|3}

If White (Right) plays first, White cannot win. That is, if White plays to -7 in the game on the left, Black (Left) replies to 7 in the other game, for jigo (0). If White plays to 3 in the game on the right, Black replies to -3 in the other game, also for jigo.

If Black plays first she wins. She plays to {22|-6} + {7|3}. White's best play is to -6 on the left, after that Black plays to 7 in the other game, for a score of 7 - 6 = 1.

Therefore G1 > G2.

This question is answered with a difference game, not with thermography.
That is exactly what I tried to explained in my previous posts.
Though G1 > G2 the thermography claims meanValue(G1) = meanValue(G2).
As I tried to explain, the difference between G1 and G2 is not a number. It is a game. For people who are unfamiliar with combinatorial game theory, that doesn't make any sense. OTOH, a go player can fairly easily understand that it is better to have the position you constructed than one that corresponds to the game, {-3|-7}. Even if it is not obvious to them, you can show them or they can play around with it. :)
When you look at the theory as a whole (CGT theorems, thermography, difference game etc) this result might appear as a contradiction.
I think it's the other way around. When you are unfamiliar with numbers and games is when it looks contradictory. Most people are only familiar with numbers, which are strictly ordered, and not with games, which are only partially ordered. Things that are partially ordered often appear illogical or contradictory until you get used to them.
I just say it is a pity result that may logically cause some skepticism for the non mathematician go players who see in other cases a very acurate calculation of mean values and I fear it is difficult to convinced a non mathematician that it is not necessarily a contradiction (I know the assumptions behind thermography and difference game are quite different OC)
One reason I like to talk about difference games is that go players can play them out and see who wins or not. That can be very convincing. :)
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Re: How evaluate double sente moves ?

Post by Gérard TAILLE »

RobertJasiek wrote:Unlike proofs by counter-example, the theorem cannot be proven by example because it applies to all such examples. Instead, the proof is by abstract verification. More later.

Can you please simplify your example so that there are not many follow-up moves and safely alive surrounding strings?
Here under I tried to build such example:
Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$W White to play
$$ ------------------------
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . .|
$$ | . . . . . . X O . . .|
$$ | X X . . . . X O X . .|
$$ | . X X X X X X . X . .|
$$ | X X O O X X O O O O O|
$$ | X O O O X X . X X O .|
$$ | X O O O O . O O X O O|
$$ | X O X X X X X O O O O|
$$ | X X X X X X X X X O O|
$$ | X X X X X X X X X O O|
$$ | . X X X X X O O . O .|
$$ ------------------------[/go]
The idea is the following
Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$W White to play
$$ ------------------------
$$ | . . . . . . 3 . . . .|
$$ | . . . . . . X O . . .|
$$ | X X . . . . X O X . .|
$$ | . X X X X X X 1 X . .|
$$ | X X O O X X O O O O O|
$$ | X O O O X X . X X O .|
$$ | X O O O O 2 O O X O O|
$$ | X O X X X X X O O O O|
$$ | X X X X X X X X X O O|
$$ | X X X X X X X X X O O|
$$ | . X X X X X O O . O .|
$$ ------------------------[/go]
:w1: white is the biggest gote point and create the double sente (the two hane-tsugi)
The temperature is still too high (t=10) and unfortunetly black has to play first :b2:
Now the temperature has dropped so that the double sente move is of greatest importance and white is quite lucky to be able to play this double sente move of course before playing in the remaining gote!

If mathematics prove this double sente cannot exist I must be wrong somewhere but where Robert?
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Re: How evaluate double sente moves ?

Post by RobertJasiek »

I attach my mathematical proof of non-existence of local double sente, which proceeds Bill's preliminary study.
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DoubleSenteProofExtract.pdf
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Re: How evaluate double sente moves ?

Post by RobertJasiek »

Gérard TAILLE wrote:I must be wrong somewhere but where Robert?
You do not calculate the move values. In your complex example, calculation is complex. Why not start with my simple, more extreme example? https://www.lifein19x19.com/viewtopic.p ... 33#p260633
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Re: How evaluate double sente moves ?

Post by Bill Spight »

RobertJasiek wrote:I attach my mathematical proof of non-existence of local double sente, which proceeds Bill's preliminary study.
Do you mean precedes? Does it go back to the 1970s?
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Re: How evaluate double sente moves ?

Post by Bill Spight »

Gérard TAILLE wrote:Now the temperature has dropped so that the double sente move is of greatest importance and white is quite lucky to be able to play this double sente move of course before playing in the remaining gote!

If mathematics prove this double sente cannot exist I must be wrong somewhere but where Robert?
To repeat myself, nobody says that double sente moves do not exist. The question is whether double sente positions exist. Do you claim that the top right corner after :w1: is a double sente position?
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Re: How evaluate double sente moves ?

Post by Bill Spight »

Gérard TAILLE wrote:
RobertJasiek wrote:Unlike proofs by counter-example, the theorem cannot be proven by example because it applies to all such examples. Instead, the proof is by abstract verification. More later.

Can you please simplify your example so that there are not many follow-up moves and safely alive surrounding strings?
Here under I tried to build such example:
Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$W White to play
$$ ------------------------
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . .|
$$ | . . . . . . X O . . .|
$$ | X X . . . . X O X . .|
$$ | . X X X X X X . X . .|
$$ | X X O O X X O O O O O|
$$ | X O O O X X . X X O .|
$$ | X O O O O . O O X O O|
$$ | X O X X X X X O O O O|
$$ | X X X X X X X X X O O|
$$ | X X X X X X X X X O O|
$$ | . X X X X X O O . O .|
$$ ------------------------[/go]
The idea is the following
Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$W White to play
$$ ------------------------
$$ | . . . . . . 3 . . . .|
$$ | . . . . . . X O . . .|
$$ | X X . . . . X O X . .|
$$ | . X X X X X X 1 X . .|
$$ | X X O O X X O O O O O|
$$ | X O O O X X . X X O .|
$$ | X O O O O 2 O O X O O|
$$ | X O X X X X X O O O O|
$$ | X X X X X X X X X O O|
$$ | X X X X X X X X X O O|
$$ | . X X X X X O O . O .|
$$ ------------------------[/go]
:w1: white is the biggest gote point and create the double sente (the two hane-tsugi)
The temperature is still too high (t=10) and unfortunetly black has to play first :b2:
Now the temperature has dropped so that the double sente move is of greatest importance and white is quite lucky to be able to play this double sente move of course before playing in the remaining gote!

If mathematics prove this double sente cannot exist I must be wrong somewhere but where Robert?
Isn't this a counter-example? If the top right corner is really a double sente, why does Black play the gote, :b2:?
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Everything with love. Stay safe.
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Re: How evaluate double sente moves ?

Post by RobertJasiek »

Bill Spight wrote:
RobertJasiek wrote:which proceeds Bill's preliminary study.
Do you mean precedes?
Haha. I mean "continues". See the file for what I refer to.
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Re: How evaluate double sente moves ?

Post by Gérard TAILLE »

RobertJasiek wrote:
Since not all players use values but players with a weak understanding of endgame only use an informal understanding, the common go players' understanding of double sente would be informal. However, some players have not reflected yet that local versus global considerations of double sente differ. Therefore, the common go players' understanding of double sente does not exist. Concerning global considerations, some players are aware that one should not always play a double sente immediately because it might be relatively small while other players (with a weak understanding of endgame) are not aware of that and instead believe overly simplistic traditional advice to play in double sente as early as possible. Only for local considerations, we can identify some common go players' understanding of double sente: that either player's local play is sente meaning an immediate reply by the opponent. In only informal terms, we cannot better characterise why an immediate local reply should be necessary.

In terms of values, we can characterise why an immediate local reply should be necessary: after either player's local play, the reply is more valuable. That is, the move value in the initial local endgame position is smaller than both replies' follow-up move values. Let us use these variables:

M := the move value in the initial local endgame position.
Fb := the move value in the follow-up position created after Black's start.
Fw := the move value in the follow-up position created after White's start.

Now, we can characterise a local double sente endgame be these value conditions:

M < Fb, Fw.

(This annotation abbreviates "M < Fb and M < Fw".)

However, simply speaking, the mathematically proven theorem says:

A local double sente endgame with M < Fb, Fw does not exist.

The common go players' understanding did not know this yet:)
If we want to reach a common understanding on double sente moves we have to be a minimum rigourous. Knowing Robert made some proof about the existing of such "double sente" the only way the really progress is to take Robert definiion without any change.
If I understand correctly the proof made by Robert is based on the following defintion:

we can characterise a local double sente endgame be these value conditions: M < Fb, Fw

So let's take this simple defintion as it is and let's avoid any change, even a tiny one.

Robert ask for simplifying my following example
Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$W White to play
$$ ------------------------
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . .|
$$ | . . . . . . X O . . .|
$$ | X X . . . . X O X . .|
$$ | . X X X X X X . X . .|
$$ | X X O O X X O O O O O|
$$ | X O O O X X . X X O .|
$$ | X O O O O . O O X O O|
$$ | X O X X X X X O O O O|
$$ | X X X X X X X X X O O|
$$ | X X X X X X X X X O O|
$$ | . X X X X X O O . O .|
$$ ------------------------[/go]
OK the best I can do is to replace the complexe upper area by a simple formal game. Here it is
G = {21|{{18|4} | {0|-14}}

To begin with, could you please draw the thermograph of this game Robert (or Bill)?
The thermograph under t=7 seems easy but above above this temperature it looks a little more difficult. So let's see.
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Re: How evaluate double sente moves ?

Post by Bill Spight »

Gérard TAILLE wrote:If I understand correctly the proof made by Robert is based on the following defintion:

we can characterise a local double sente endgame be these value conditions: M < Fb, Fw

So let's take this simple defintion as it is and let's avoid any change, even a tiny one.

Robert ask for simplifying my following example
Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$W White to play
$$ ------------------------
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . .|
$$ | . . . . . . X O . . .|
$$ | X X . . . . X O X . .|
$$ | . X X X X X X . X . .|
$$ | X X O O X X O O O O O|
$$ | X O O O X X . X X O .|
$$ | X O O O O . O O X O O|
$$ | X O X X X X X O O O O|
$$ | X X X X X X X X X O O|
$$ | X X X X X X X X X O O|
$$ | . X X X X X O O . O .|
$$ ------------------------[/go]
OK the best I can do is to replace the complexe upper area by a simple formal game. Here it is
G = {21|{{18|4} | {0|-14}}

To begin with, could you please draw the thermograph of this game Robert (or Bill)?
The thermograph under t=7 seems easy but above above this temperature it looks a little more difficult. So let's see.
OK. We can write G this way, using more slashes.

G = {21 ||| 18 | 4 || 0 | -14}

I'll draw the thermograph. Be back soon. :)

I'm back. Here is the thermograph.
GTdblsente001.png
GTdblsente001.png (8.18 KiB) Viewed 17733 times
I think I need to add the thermograph for {18|4||0|-14}, as well. Back soon. :)
GTdblsente002.png
GTdblsente002.png (4.49 KiB) Viewed 17727 times
That's more like it. :) OC, this is a gote position, but it has a double sente temperature range from 0 to 7. :)
Last edited by Bill Spight on Thu Oct 22, 2020 6:52 am, edited 2 times in total.
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Re: How evaluate double sente moves ?

Post by RobertJasiek »

M would be the correct move value. Initially, we do not necessarily know if we have a local gote with a gote move value Mgote, Black's local sente with Black's sente move value Mb,sente or White's local sente with White's sente move value Mw,sente. Therefore, we start with tentative move values, or one such compared to the follow-up move values.

I am not fluent with thermographs, let Bill do that.

You write G = {21|{{18|4} | {0|-14}} but I think you mean

{21} + {18|4||0|-14}.

Let me study the latter summand.

Fb = (18-4)/2 = 7.
Fw = (0-(-14))/2 = 7.

We have these intermediate counts:

Cb = (18 + 4) / 2 = 11.
Cw = (0 + (-14)) / 2 = -7.

Tentative Mgote = (Cb - Cw)/2 = (11 - (-7)) / 2 = 18/2 = 9.

Let us verify this:

Mgote > Fb, Fw <=> 9 > 7, 7 is fulfilled. Therefore, the initial local endgame is a local gote with
M := Mgote = 9.

To fulfil our curiosity, let us also study

Tentative Mb,sente = 4 - Cw = 4 - (-7) = 11.

Mb,sente < Fb <=> 11 < 7 is violated so the initial local endgame is not Black's local sente.

And let us study:

Tentative Mw,sente = Cb - 0 = 11 - 0 = 11.

Mw,sente < Fw <=> 11 < 7 is violated so the initial local endgame is not White's local sente.
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Re: How evaluate double sente moves ?

Post by Gérard TAILLE »

RobertJasiek wrote:M would be the correct move value. Initially, we do not necessarily know if we have a local gote with a gote move value Mgote, Black's local sente with Black's sente move value Mb,sente or White's local sente with White's sente move value Mw,sente. Therefore, we start with tentative move values, or one such compared to the follow-up move values.

I am not fluent with thermographs, let Bill do that.

You write G = {21|{{18|4} | {0|-14}} but I think you mean

{21} + {18|4||0|-14}.

Let me study the latter summand.

Fb = (18-4)/2 = 7.
Fw = (0-(-14))/2 = 7.

We have these intermediate counts:

Cb = (18 + 4) / 2 = 11.
Cw = (0 + (-14)) / 2 = -7.

Tentative Mgote = (Cb - Cw)/2 = (11 - (-7)) / 2 = 18/2 = 9.

Let us verify this:

Mgote > Fb, Fw <=> 9 > 7, 7 is fulfilled. Therefore, the initial local endgame is a local gote with
M := Mgote = 9.

To fulfil our curiosity, let us also study

Tentative Mb,sente = 4 - Cw = 4 - (-7) = 11.

Mb,sente < Fb <=> 11 < 7 is violated so the initial local endgame is not Black's local sente.

And let us study:

Tentative Mw,sente = Cb - 0 = 11 - 0 = 11.

Mw,sente < Fw <=> 11 < 7 is violated so the initial local endgame is not White's local sente.
G = {21|{{18|4} | {0|-14}} and {21} + {18|4||0|-14} seems quite different.
As Bill wrote G = {21|{{18|4} | {0|-14}} can be written G = {21 ||| 18 | 4 || 0 | -14} if you prefer.
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Re: How evaluate double sente moves ?

Post by Gérard TAILLE »

Bill Spight wrote:
Gérard TAILLE wrote:If I understand correctly the proof made by Robert is based on the following defintion:

we can characterise a local double sente endgame be these value conditions: M < Fb, Fw

So let's take this simple defintion as it is and let's avoid any change, even a tiny one.

Robert ask for simplifying my following example
Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$W White to play
$$ ------------------------
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . .|
$$ | . . . . . . X O . . .|
$$ | X X . . . . X O X . .|
$$ | . X X X X X X . X . .|
$$ | X X O O X X O O O O O|
$$ | X O O O X X . X X O .|
$$ | X O O O O . O O X O O|
$$ | X O X X X X X O O O O|
$$ | X X X X X X X X X O O|
$$ | X X X X X X X X X O O|
$$ | . X X X X X O O . O .|
$$ ------------------------[/go]
OK the best I can do is to replace the complexe upper area by a simple formal game. Here it is
G = {21|{{18|4} | {0|-14}}

To begin with, could you please draw the thermograph of this game Robert (or Bill)?
The thermograph under t=7 seems easy but above above this temperature it looks a little more difficult. So let's see.
OK. We can write G this way, using more slashes.

G = {21 ||| 18 | 4 || 0 | -14}

I'll draw the thermograph. Be back soon. :)

I'm back. Here is the thermograph.
GTdblsente001.png
I think I need to add the thermograph for {18|4||0|-14}, as well. Back soon. :)
GTdblsente002.png
That's more like it. :) OC, this is a gote position, but it has a double sente temperature range from 0 to 7. :)
OK Bill, now take the complete game (see the game I proposed but here with a simplier upper side)
{21 ||| 18 | 4 || 0 | -14} + {20|0} + {0|-6} + {4|0}
What is the best sequence for this game if it is white to play?
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Re: How evaluate double sente moves ?

Post by RobertJasiek »

Yes, the two games / ensembles of games are quite different indeed. Your diagram position contained a separate large simple gote endgame and a separate want-be double sente region. Separate games are combined by forming their sum.

G = {21 ||| 18 | 4 || 0 | -14} can be studied for different purposes but, with another branch of the tree, do not fall into the scope of my non-existence proofs. Anyway, we can also study values of that larger game tree.

So let me calculate the count of the right part {18 | 4 || 0 | -14}, of which I have already determined that it is a local gote:

C = (Cb + Cw)/2 = (11 + (-7)) / 2 = 2.

Now, we can proceed studying G = {21 ||| 18 | 4 || 0 | -14}.

It might be White's long gote, else White's local sente, else a simple gote.


We already know

21 count after move 1 by Black of Black's alternating sequence
2 count after move 1 by White of White's alternating sequence
11 count after move 2 by Black of White's alternating sequence
4 count after move 3 by White of White's alternating sequence

Gw2 = 11 - 2 = 9 gain of move 2 by Black of White's alternating sequence
Gw3 = 11 - 4 = 7 gain of move 3 by White of White's alternating sequence


First, we make the hypothesis of White's long gote.

M(G) = (21 - 4) / 2 = 8 1/2 tentative gote move value
C(G) = (21 + 4) / 2 = 12 1/2 tentative gote count
Gb1 = 21 - 12 1/2 = 8 1/2 tentative gain of move 1 by Black of Black's alternating sequence
Gw1 = 12 1/2 - 2 = 10 1/2 tentative gain of move 1 by White of White's alternating sequence

M(G) <= Gb1, Gw1, Gw2, Gw3 <=> 8 1/2 <= 8 1/2, 10 1/2, 9, 7 is partially violated so we do not have White's long gote.


Second, we make the hypothesis of White's local sente.

M(G) = 21 - 11 = 10 tentative sente move value
C(G) = 11 tentative sente count
Gb1 = 21 - 11 = 10 tentative gain of move 1 by Black of Black's alternating sequence
Gw1 = 11 - 2 = 9 tentative gain of move 1 by White of White's alternating sequence

M(G) <= Gb1, Gw1, Gw2 <=> 10 <= 10, 9, 9 is partially violated so we do not have White's local sente.


Third, we make the hypothesis of a simple gote.

M(G) = (21 - 2) / 2 = 9 1/2 tentative gote move value
C(G) = (21 + 2) / 2 = 11 1/2 tentative gote count
Gb1 = 21 - 11 1/2 = 9 1/2 tentative gain of move 1 by Black of Black's alternating sequence
Gw1 = 11 1/2 - 2 = 9 1/2 tentative gain of move 1 by White of White's alternating sequence

M(G) <= Gb1, Gw1 <=> 9 1/2 <= 9 1/2, 9 1/2 is (of course) fulfilled so G = {21 ||| 18 | 4 || 0 | -14} is a simple gote with M(G) = 9 1/2 as the move value and C(G) = 11 1/2 as the count.

Seems to agree to Bill's thermograph:)
Last edited by RobertJasiek on Thu Oct 22, 2020 7:35 am, edited 1 time in total.
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