For a mathematician, theory is what is or can be defined or proven formally. For a physicist, theory is what does model or is expected to model reality, as it is or shall be observed. For an inventor of go principles (etc.), theory is those principles modelling reality in a sufficient (e.g., specified as "at least 95%") fraction of cases, as they are or shall be observed. For an informally talking or teaching player (when he does not rely on aforementioned principles), theory is any piece of knowledge believed to be relevant, but often without evidence or specified threshold of applicability, except that specialised evidence (such as the reading of related variations) for particular examples might be available.
Boidhre wrote:Applicable principles are a how-to/pedagogic thing, quite often distilled from either experience or theory, but not in themselves theory since they instruct rather than explain or prove.
Probably, this is so for many traditional principles / proverbs. It is different for most of the principles written down by me, because I rely them on careful study (such as empirical study), implications / refinements from earlier principles or in some cases mathematical methods. IMO, it is also different for a few other authors or researchers, who do not just copy tradition, but do their own careful studies or least careful checking of empirical evidence collected in their own memories.