After watching the video in the link, I am convinced that there are similarities between how one learns a language and how one learns baduk.
And, a disclaimer. It's late at night where I am and I had a busy day of babysitting, so I'm exhausted and probably incorporated more than a few errors in my composition. For this I ask your pardon
The learner of a second language starts off by listening to several samples of conversation. These are real-life pictures of how the language is spoken by fluent speakers and so can serve as models to emulate. The novice, of course, will only hear unintelligible gibberish at first, but with guidance from one fluent in the target language, little by little bits of conversation can be deciphered and the learner can begin to apply them himself, albeit in a rudimentary way. Constant repetition of this process will lead to steady progress.
In any language, certain words appear more frequently than others. These words often perform certain grammatical functions, such as articles, conjunctions, noun markers, etc. The learner should familiarize himself with these and know how to use them, as they will aid in communication with speakers of the target language.
In learning a second language, grammar, far from being an exercise in sadism on part of the language professor, is a set of basic ideas and concepts governing the use of a language's vocabulary. Almost all languages are governed by a set of rules of grammar. The learner should always keep the grammar in mind when speaking and writing in the target language. Doing so will allow him to communicate clearly therein.
Finally, once the learner has gained fairly advanced fluency in the target language, he should learn about the culture in which that language's speakers use it. This added bit of knowledge will get the learner that much closer to native fluency.
As many of us know, baduk is so much like human language that one name for it is (in Korean)
soodam, meaning handtalk.
The novice taking up baduk for the first time should replay a few pro games to get a feel for how baduk is supposed to be played. At first, it's all just a meaningless string of moves. However, commentary by a pro or strong amateur can shed light on the meaning of different moves and guide him on how to apply what is learned from replaying. No need to question every single move. It is enough to get insight on just the hard-to-understand moves. (In baduk, one thinks in terms of relationships between moves, just as in language one thinks in terms of relationships between words.) Constant repetition of this process will lead to steady progress.
Also, the same novice will be well served to replay a few pro games, or games on 9x9 or 13x13,
before learning the rules; with the memory of replayed games to serve as a background, the novice will have an easier time seeing how the rules apply. To explain the rules of baduk without first demonstrating how the game is played is like explaining grammar without first providing demonstrations of a language as it is spoken in real life.
In baduk, certain moves occur in certain situations frequently across several games. The learner should acquaint himself with these and know their function. Reading a book on tesuji is very helpful in this regard.
The beginner in baduk will find that different approaches to the game govern what moves are good and what moves are bad. Strategic considerations often determine which tactical approaches are best. For instance, territory-based strategies tend to emphasize first making moves to delineate territory, accompanied by fierce fighting to avoid falling behind. Influence-based strategies usually prioritize fighting in the middle game, with territory being a consequence thereof. Competent players tend to apply both strategic approaches in varying proportions. Also, the phase of a game determines which tactics are suitable and which are not suitable. For example, a monkey jump to the first line during the opening would not be suitable, since it only reduces the opponent's territory by a few points; the worth of big moves in the opening are in the dozens of points and so a monkey jump is a waste of a move. However, a monkey jump in the early endgame is serious, since the biggest moves at that phase are worth at most 5 or 10 points. As the endgame progresses, just 1 or 2 points is a BIG gain or loss.
Another example. There is the proverb, "A one-point jump is never bad." Does that mean playing one at every opportunity? During a game the learner should judge the appropriateness of a 1-point jump based on his experience. One-point jumps are certainly helpful in the middle game in most situations, but one-point jumps are best used in the opening as auxiliary moves. (Beginners, especially timid ones, will tend to make one-point jumps in the opening.)
As in spoken languages, irregularities do occur in baduk and the learner should familiarize himself with them.
In essence, the learner of baduk should familiarize himself with both influence-based playing styles and territory-based playing styles to know what tactics tend to occur in games when either is employed.
Finally, once the baduk learner has advanced a bit in the game, acquainting himself with the ideas behind a certain style of play will be very useful and bring him a bit closer to mastery.
So, having explained the above, here is my take on a program for a novice seeking to get to 5k in 6 months and having 10 hours daily to devote to baduk. Replay a minimum of 5 pro games a day for the first month, then a minimum of 10 for the second month, and finally 15 or 20 a day for the remaining 4 months. Do puzzles in the categories of opening, middle game, jōseki, and endgame. Tesuji and life & death should make up about 70% of the puzzles solved; the other categories are basically applications of these two. Of the four other categories, endgame is probably the most important since, between 2 competent players, games are often won or lost based on endgame calculations. Finally, a minimum of 2 serious games a week, preferably against a stronger opponent.
It would be nice if I could present a magical method for getting to 5k in 3 months, but from experience I find that putting in the hours produces more consistent results.